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PMP: Time Management

Time Management

Plan Schedule Management

Go through the details of the: Plan Schedule Management Input in the Time Management
Plan Schedule Management Input.

Go through the details of the:Plan Schedule Management Tools n Technique in the Time Management
Plan Schedule Management Tools n Technique.

Go through the details of the: Plan Schedule Management Output in the Time Management
Plan Schedule Management Output.

Define Activities

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Define Activities Input.

Go through the details of the:Define Activities Tools n Technique in the Time Management
Define Activities Tools n Technique.

Go through the details of the: Define Activities Output in the Time Management
Define Activities Output.

Sequence Activities

Go through the details of the: Sequence Activities Input in the Time Management
Sequence Activities Input.

Go through the details of the:Sequence Activities Tools n Technique in the Time Management
Sequence Activities Tools n Technique.

Go through the details of the: Sequence Activities Output in the Time Management
Sequence Activities Output.

Estimate Activity Resources

Go through the details of the: Estimate Activity Resources Input in the Time Management
Estimate Activity Resources Input.

Go through the details of the:Estimate Activity Resources Tools n Technique in the Time Management
Estimate Activity Resources Tools n Technique.

Go through the details of the: Estimate Activity Resources Output in the Time Management
Estimate Activity Resources Output.

Develop Schedule

Go through the details of the: Develop Schedule Input in the Time Management
Develop Schedule Input.

Go through the details of the:Develop Schedule Tools n Technique in the Time Management
Develop Schedule Tools n Technique.

Go through the details of the: Develop Schedule Output in the Time Management
Develop Schedule Output.

Control Schedule

Go through the details of the: Control Schedule Input in the Time Management
Control Schedule Input.

Go through the details of the:Control Schedule Tools n Technique in the Time Management
Control Schedule Tools n Technique.

Go through the details of the: Control Schedule Output in the Time Management
Control Schedule Output.

Question: In rolling wave planning:
A. Focus is maintained on long-term objectives, allowing near-term objectives to be rolled out as part of the ongoing wave of activities.
B. The work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, whereas the work in the future is planned at a higher level.
C. The work far in the future is planned in detail for work packages that are at a low level of the WBS.
D. A wave of detailed activities is planned during strategic planning to ensure that WBS deliverables and project milestones are achieved.
Answer: B
Answer explanation: Rolling wave planning is an iterative planning technique in which the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while the work in the future is planned at a higher level. It is a form of progressive elaboration. Therefore, work can exist at various levels of detail depending on where it is in the project life cycle. During early strategic planning, when information is less defined, work packages may be decomposed to the known level of detail. As more is known about the upcoming events in the near term, work packages can be decomposed into activities.

Question: The Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) is:
A. A technique in which activities are represented by nodes and are graphically linked by one or more logical relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be performed.
B. A method that uses a probabilistic approach to scheduling project activities.
C. A time-phased graphical representation of the arrow diagramming method (ADM) and shows durations of project activities as well as their dependencies.
D. More accurate than the critical path method for scheduling when there are uncertainties about the durations of project activities.
Answer: A
Answer explanation: The precedence diagramming method (PDM) is a technique used for constructing a schedule model in which activities are represented by nodes and are graphically linked by one or more logical relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be performed. Activity-on-node (AON) is one method of representing a precedence diagram. This is the method used by most project management software packages.

Question: The duration of the activity is affected by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. The estimated activity resource requirements.
B. The types of resources assigned to the activity.
C. The availability of the resources assigned to the activity.
D. Using the precedence diagramming method (PDM) for scheduling activities instead of using the critical path method (CPM).
Answer: D
Answer explanation: Activity resource requirements identify the types and quantities of resources required for each activity in a work package. These requirements then can be aggregated to determine the estimated resources for each work package and each work period. The amount of detail and the level of specificity of the resource requirement descriptions can vary by application area. The resource requirements documentation for each activity can include the basis of estimate for each resource, as well as the assumptions that were made in determining which types of resources are applied, their availability, and what quantities are used.

Question: A schedule compression technique used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources is called:
A. Crashing.
B. Program evaluation and review technique (PERT).
C. Precedence diagramming method (PDM).
D. Fast tracking.
Answer: A
Answer explanation: Schedule compression techniques are used to shorten the schedule duration without reducing the project scope, in order to meet schedule constraints, imposed dates, or other schedule objectives. Schedule compression techniques include, but are not limited to:

Question: An example of a mandatory dependency is:
A. A dependency established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area.
B. A dependency established based on some unusual aspect of the project where a specific sequence is desired.
C. On a construction project, to erect the superstructure only after the foundation has been built.
D. On a software development project, to start design only after completion and approval of all project requirements.
Answer: C
Answer explanation: Mandatory dependencies are those that are legally or contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work. Mandatory dependencies often involve physical limitations, such as on a construction project, where it is impossible to erect the superstructure until after the foundation has been built, or on an electronics project, where a prototype has to be built before it can be tested. Mandatory dependencies are also sometimes referred to as hard logic or hard dependencies. Technical dependencies may not be mandatory. The project team determines which dependencies are mandatory during the process of sequencing the activities. Mandatory dependencies should not be confused with assigning schedule constraints in the scheduling tool.

Question: While planning the schedule for your project, you frequently refer to the project calendar. The project calendar is:
A. A calendar containing the days on which various meetings are scheduled within the project team.
B. A calendar of working days or shifts that establishes those dates on which schedule activities are worked.
C. A calendar containing the list of days on which the project team members will be on leave or take an "off".
D. A calendar that establishes the dates on which project deliverables are sent to the customer.
Answer: B
Answer explanation: A project calendar is a calendar of working days or shifts that establishes those dates on which schedule activities are worked. It also establishes non-working days that determine dates on which schedule activities are idle, such as holidays, week-ends and non-shift hours.

Question: As a project manager, you are in the process of preparing the project schedule for the project. Which of the following accurately depicts the sequence of your activities before you begin preparing the project schedule?
A. Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Resources, Estimate Activity Durations
B. Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Durations, Estimate Activity Resources
C. Estimate Activity Durations, Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Resources
D. Estimate Activity Resources, Estimate Activity Durations, Sequence Activities
Answer: A
Answer explanation: The correct sequence of processes in the Time Management Knowledge Area is: Plan Schedule Management, Define Activities, Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Resources, Estimate Activity Durations, Develop Schedule and Control Schedule.

Question: After one year of construction, an office building is scheduled to be completed on 30th January. The landscaping work needs to start 15 days prior to completion of the building. Which of the following relationships most likely represents the relationship of the start of landscaping work to the completion of the office building?
A. Finish-to-start with a 15 day lead
B. Start-to-finish with a 15 day lead
C. Finish-to-start with a 15 day lag
D. Start-to-finish with a 15 day lag
Answer: A
Answer explanation: The landscaping work needs to start on completion of the office building, so it is a finish-to-start relationship. Since it needs to start 15 days before completion of the building, it requires a lead of 15 days. Hence the answer is finish-to-start with a 15 day lead.

Question: You are the project manager of a project. As part of the planning process, you utilize a planning technique to subdivide the project scope and deliverables into smaller, more manageable components. What is this technique called?
A. Unit task analysis
B. Decomposition
C. Rolling wave planning
D. Arrow Diagramming Method
Answer: B
Answer explanation: Decomposition is the correct response.

Question: The accuracy of Activity Duration estimates can be improved by considering the amount of risk in the original estimate. The three types of estimates on which three-point estimates are based are:
A. Budgetary, ballpark, and Order of Magnitude.
B. Best case scenario, expected scenario and current scenario.
C. Most likely, likely and unlikely
D. Most likely, optimistic, and pessimistic
Answer: D
Answer explanation: The accuracy of Activity Duration estimates can be improved by considering the amount of risk in the original estimate. The three types of estimates on which three-point estimates are based are: Most likely, Optimistic, and Pessimistic. An Activity Duration can be created using a value derived from these three estimated durations.

Question: You have decided to apply Resource Leveling to a project due to a critical required resource being available only at certain times. Which of the following will likely be true?
A. Resource Leveling can often cause the original critical path to change.
B. Resource Leveling will over allocate resources to schedule the project before the deadline.
C. Resource Leveling will require additional resources to complete the project.
D. Resource Leveling will never alter the original critical path
Answer: A
Answer explanation: Resource Leveling can often cause the original critical path to change.

Question: Bar charts, with bars representing activities, show activity start dates as well as end dates and expected activity durations. For control and management communication, the broader, more comprehensive summary activity that is used between milestones is referred to as:
A. Activity bridge
B. Milestone chart
C. Hammock activity
D. Gantt chart
Answer: C
Answer explanation: The correct response is the Hammock activity. The comprehensive summary activity that is displayed in bar chart reports for control and management communication is called Hammock activity.

Question: A technique that iterates the project schedule many times, to calculate a distribution of possible project completion dates is called:
A. Monte Carlo Analysis
B. Monteford analysis
C. Pareto Cost chart
D. Deming Analysis
Answer: A
Answer explanation: Monte Carlo Analysis is a technique that computes, or iterates, the project cost, or the project schedule many times using input values selected at random from probability distributions of possible costs or durations, to calculate a distribution of possible total project costs or completion dates.

Question: The critical path method (CPM) calculates the theoretical early start and finish dates; and late start and finish dates. The difference between the late and early start of a task is called:
A. Free float
B. Feeding buffer
C. Danger zone
D. Total float
Answer: D
Answer explanation: The difference between the early and late finish of a task is called the total float for that task. Total float is the amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed from its early start date without delaying the project finish date.

Question: You are managing a project that involves work on a film shoot. The editing activity can happen only after the film has been shot. The logical relationship between the editing and shooting of the film can best be described as:
A. Finish-to-Finish (FF)
B. Start-to-Start (SS)
C. Start-to-Start (SS)
D. Finish-to-Start (FS)
Answer:D
Answer explanation: This is a situation where the Editing activity can happen ONLY after the film shooting has been completed. Hence the logical relationship between the two tasks is Finish to Start (FS).

Question: Bar charts show:
A. The level of effort for an activity.
B. Availability of resources assigned to perform project activities.
C. Activity start and end dates, as well as expected durations.
D. Relative priority of activities.
Answer: C
Answer explanation: These charts, also known as Gantt charts, represent schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates. Bar charts are relatively easy to read, and are frequently used in management presentations. For control and management communications, the broader, more comprehensive summary activity, sometimes referred to as a hammock activity, is used between milestones or across multiple interdependent work packages, and is displayed in bar chart reports.

Question: The Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) shows:
A. Various levels of the work breakdown structure.
B. Activities likely to be involved in project integration and resource allocation processes.
C. The logical relationships that exist between activities.
D. The project completion date based on normal resource availability.
Answer: C
Answer explanation: The precedence diagramming method (PDM) is a technique used for constructing a schedule model in which activities are represented by nodes and are graphically linked by one or more logical relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be performed. Activity-on-node (AON) is one method of representing a precedence diagram. This is the method used by most project management software packages.

Question: The critical path is established by calculating the following dates:
A. Start-to-start, start-to-finish, finish-to-finish, finish-to-start.
B. Early start, early finish, late start, late finish.
C. Predecessor-to-successor, predecessor-to-predecessor, successor-to-successor.
D. Primary-to-secondary, primary-to-finish, secondary-to-secondary, finish-to-finish.
Answer: B
Answer explanation:The critical path method, which is a method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model.

Question: All of the following are true about resource leveling EXCEPT:
A. It can be used to keep resource usage at a constant level during certain time periods.
B. It can often cause the original critical path to change, usually to increase.
C. It is used to develop a resource-based WBS.
D. It is a resource optimization technique that can be used to adjust the schedule model due to demand and supply of resources.
Answer:C
Answer explanation: Resource leveling. A technique in which start and finish dates are adjusted based on resource constraints with the goal of balancing demand for resources with the available supply. Resource leveling can be used when shared or critically required resources are only available at certain times, or in limited quantities, or over-allocated, such as when a resource has been assigned to two or more activities during the same time period, as shown in Figure 6-20, or to keep resource usage at a constant level. Resource leveling can often cause the original critical path to change, usually to increase.

Question: The following is true about the critical chain method (CCM):
A. It is a schedule network analysis technique that accounts for limited resources and project uncertainties.
B. It is a network scheduling technique that allows the development of an optimum project schedule when resources are unlimited.
C. It is another name for the resource-loaded bar chart.
D. It is primarily used to ensure the safety of critical stakeholders in major construction projects.
Answer: A
Answer explanation: The critical chain method (CCM) is a schedule method that allows the project team to place buffers on any project schedule path to account for limited resources and project uncertainties. It is developed from the critical path method approach and considers the effects of resource allocation, resource optimization, resource leveling, and activity duration uncertainty on the critical path determined using the critical path method. To do so, the critical chain method introduces the concept of buffers and buffer management. The critical chain method uses activities with durations that do not include safety margins, logical relationships, and resource availability with statistically determined buffers composed of the aggregated safety margins of activities at specified points on the project schedule path to account for limited resources and project uncertainties. The resource-constrained critical path is known as the critical chain.